Struts1 vs 2

Difference between Struts and Struts2

1.  Servlet Dependency:
Actions in Struts1 have dependencies on the servlet API since the HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse objects are passed to the execute method when an Action is invoked but in case of Struts 2, Actions are not container dependent because they are made simple POJOs. In struts 2, the servlet contexts are represented as simple Maps which allows actions to be tested in isolation. Struts 2 Actions can access the original request and response, if required. However, other architectural elements reduce or eliminate
the need to access the HttpServetRequest or HttpServletResponse directly.

2.  Action classes
Programming the abstract classes instead of interfaces is one of design issues of struts1 framework that has been resolved in the struts 2 framework. Struts1 Action classes needs to extend framework dependent abstract base class. But in case of Struts 2 Action class may or may not implement interfaces to enable optional and custom services. In case of Struts 2 , Actions are not container dependent because they are made simple POJOs. Struts 2 provides a base ActionSupport class to implement commonly used interfaces. Albeit, the Action interface is
not required. Any POJO object with an execute signature can be used as an Struts 2 Action object.

3.  Validation

Struts1 and Struts 2 both supports the manual validation via a validate method. Struts1 uses validate method on the ActionForm, or validates through an extension to the Commons Validator. However, Struts 2 supports manual validation via the validate method and the XWork Validation framework. The Xwork Validation Framework supports chaining validation into sub-properties using the validations defined for the
properties class type and the validation context.

4.  Threading Model
In Struts1, Action resources must be thread-safe or synchronized. So Actions are singletons and thread-safe, there should only be one instance of a class to handle all requests for that Action. The singleton strategy places restrictions on what can be done with Struts1 Actions and
requires extra care to develop. However in case of Struts2, Action objects are instantiated for each request, so there are no thread-safety issues. (In practice, servlet containers generate many throw-away objects per request, and one more object does not impose a performance penalty
or impact garbage collection.)

5.  Testability
Testing Struts1 applications are a bit complex. A major hurdle to test Struts1 Actions is that the execute method because it exposes the Servlet API. A third-party extension, Struts TestCase, offers a set of mock object for Struts1. But the Struts 2 Actions can be tested by instantiating the Action, setting properties and invoking methods. Dependency Injection support also makes testing simpler. Actions in struts2 are simple POJOs and are framework independent,  hence testability is quite easy in struts2.

6.  Harvesting Input
Struts1 uses an ActionForm object to capture input. And all ActionForms needs to extend a framework dependent base class. JavaBeans cannot be used as ActionForms, so the developers have to create redundant classes to capture input. However Struts 2 uses Action properties (as input
properties independent of underlying framework) that eliminates the need for a second input object, hence reduces redundancy. Additionally in struts2, Action properties can be accessed from the web page via the taglibs. Struts 2 also supports the ActionForm pattern, as well as POJO form objects and POJO Actions. Even rich object types, including business or domain objects, can be used as input/output objects.

7.  Expression Language
Struts1 integrates with JSTL, so it uses the JSTL-EL. The struts1 EL has basic object graph traversal, but relatively weak collection and indexed property support. Struts 2 can also use JSTL, however it supports a more powerful and flexible expression language called “Object Graph Notation Language” (OGNL).

8.  Binding values into views
In the view section, Struts1 uses the standard JSP mechanism to bind objects (processed from the model section) into the page context to access. However Struts 2 uses a “ValueStack” technology so that the taglibs can access values without coupling your view to the object type it is rendering. The ValueStack strategy allows the reuse of views across a range of types which may have the same property name but different property types.

9.  Type Conversion
Usually, Struts1 ActionForm properties are all Strings. Struts1 uses Commons-Beanutils for type conversion. These type converters are per-class and not configurable per instance. However Struts 2 uses OGNL for type conversion. The framework includes converters for basic and common
object types and primitives.

10.  Control Of Action Execution
Struts1 supports separate Request Processor (lifecycles) for each module, but all the Actions in a module must share the same lifecycle. However Struts 2 supports creating different lifecycles on a per Action basis via Interceptor Stacks. Custom stacks can be created and used with different Actions as needed.

 

Java Questions

Can we override static method?

No, we can't override the static method because they are the part of class not object and it is bound with class whereas instance method is bound with object and static gets memory in class area and instance gets memory in heap.

Can we override the overloaded method?

Yes.

Can we define private and protected modifiers for variables in interfaces?

No, they are implicitly public.

Static Import:

The static import feature of Java 5 facilitate the java programmer to access any static member of a class directly. There is no need to qualify it by the class name.

Advantage of static import:

Less coding is required if you have access any static member of a class oftenly.

Disadvantage of static import:

If you overuse the static import feature, it makes the program unreadable and unmaintainable.

All wrapper classes in java.lang are immutable, i.e. String, Integer, Boolean, Character, Byte, Short, Long, Float, Double, BigDecimal, BigInteger

CSS

Create image with full width

Css

#fullWidthImagediv img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 325px;
}

Html

<div id = "mydiv">
    <img src = "../images/demo/slider/6.jpg" >
</div>

Angualr Question

why ng-bind is better than {{}} in angular?

• The {{}} is much slower.
• you might see the actual Hello, {{user.name}} for a second before user.name is resolved (before the data is loaded)
• in case of {{}}whole text "Hello, {{user.name}}" enclosed by < div > will be copied and stored in memory . but ng-bind will only stored the value of variable in memory , angular will register a watcher where the watch expression consists of the variable only.
• The brackets on the other hand will be dirty checked and refreshed in every $digest, even if it's not necessary.
• This ng-bind is a directive and will place a watcher on the passed variable. So the ng-bind will only apply, when the passed value does actually change.

Example:-
<div>  Hello, {{user.name}}</span></div>
<div>  Hello, <span ng-bind="user.name"></span></div>

if you write like below then , you will find person is undefined(in older version of Angular).
<li ng-repeat="person in people">
  Hello, {{calculateTotalPoints(person)}}
</li>

 You have to write:
<li ng-repeat="person in people">
  Hello, <span ng-bind="calculateTotalPoints(person)"></span>
</li>

In the controller, you can define the function:
$scope.calcualteTotalPoints = function(person){
     ....
};

Angularjs

How to reverse string in angular js

<div ng-controller="secondController">
        <input type="text" ng-model="data.message">
        <h1>{{data.message | toCaps | reverse }}</h1>
</div>
Update to UPPERCASE
myApp.filter('toCaps',function () {
    return function (msg) {
        return msg.toUpperCase();
    }
});
UPDATE to reverse
myApp.filter('reverse',function () {
    return function (msg) {
        return msg.split("").reverse().join("");
    }
});

angualar js

Adding watermark

<input type="text" ng-model="car.plate" placeholder="What's the plate?" />

Disable button till all mandatory field is filled

<input type="text" ng-model="car.plate" placeholder="What's the plate?" />

<input type="text" ng-model="car.model" placeholder="What's the Model" />

<button ng-click="park(car)" ng-disabled="!car.plate || !car.model">Park</button>

Adding js and css in Spring MVC

For adding js and css in Spring MVC app There are 2 ways.

First Way
we need to declare resources tag in dispatcher-servlet.xml (i.e spring bean configuration file).

Spring configuration file entry

<mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" />

Note:- Maintain the order
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.pristine.controller" />

add in jsp

<script type="text/javascript"  

       src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/resources/js/angular.min.js"></script>

 
Keep all js and css files in WebContent\resources folder

Second way
Declare in web.xml like below

<servlet-mapping>

       <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

       <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

    <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

    <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

    <url-pattern>*.gif</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

    <url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

    <url-pattern>*.png</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>